Industrial applications of refrigeration

Refrigeration is needed to produce correct climatic conditions for certain manufacturing processes. For example, cool cutting oil helps in machining operations by lowering the temperature of the work peace to prevent overheating. Quenching baths for heat treating operations may also be controlled through refrigeration processes.
In the pharmaceutical field, refrigerating units are used to store, process and test penicillin, aureomycin, and many other chemical and biological materials.
Refrigeration, as a quick cooling process, speeds production, cuts moisture losses in foods and reduces mold. The large frozen food industries, and others engaged in the preparation, marketing and purchasing of foods all depend on refrigeration. Impotent studies of the exact nature of electron movement are being undertaken through a process which demants that the material being studied be subjected to the lowest possible temperature at which electron movement slows down to the point where it may be observed.
Steels that must aged to retain shape and dimensional accuracy are now refrigerated under new and rapid deep- freezing treatments. In other ways, aluminium is kept from aging too rapidly.
In these and other industral applications, refrigeration units capable of reducing temperatures to as low as - 150 degree Farhenheid are used in metal-working plant,tool shops and in metallurgical laboratories for heat treating and hardening operations.
The list of applications is without end for the principle of refrigeration has progressed as far since the crude experiment of Francis Bacon as the principle of heat in several thousand years.
As scientists, technicians and craftmen experiment at still lower and colder temperatures approaching -273 degree Celcius (-460 degree Farhenheid), the new science of "cryogenics" (refrigerant) will reveal materials in a state that is neither a solid, liquid or a gas.
Refrigeration systems cycles and classification : Refrigeration systems consist of a series of main units (components), each of which performs a special function or job. The engeneering, design, and planning that goes into the manufacture of this equipment is very elaborate and costly. However, regardless of how complex the refrigeration equipment or the operations are, each of the separate units as well as the entire system depends on simple scientific principles.
The work of early scientists to establish some of these principles is briefly described in this units. Later, these principles are brought together in mechanical refrigeration systems. Such systems are then classified according to use. Finally a comparison is made between refrigeration and reverse refrigeration.